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Grade VDC Steel vs. ASTM A228 Music Wire

Both grade VDC steel and ASTM A228 music wire are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (6, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A228 music wire.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 510
710
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
72
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
2450

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
49
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.2

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
45

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
87
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
52
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
79

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.7 to 1.0
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
98 to 99
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0.2 to 0.6
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.1 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.030