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Grade VDC Steel vs. ASTM A229 Spring Steel

Both grade VDC steel and ASTM A229 spring steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A229 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 510
490 to 550
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
72
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
1690 to 1890

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
50
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
46

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
60 to 67
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
40 to 43
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
54 to 60

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.55 to 0.85
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
97.5 to 99
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0.3 to 1.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.050