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Grade VDC Steel vs. ASTM A387 Grade 21 Steel

Both grade VDC steel and ASTM A387 grade 21 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A387 grade 21 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 510
150 to 180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
74
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
500 to 590

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
260
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
480
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1470
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.8

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
4.1
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
23
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
62

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
18 to 21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
18 to 20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
14 to 17

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.050 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
2.8 to 3.3
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
94.4 to 96
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0.3 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.9 to 1.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.025
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.025