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Grade VDC Steel vs. EN 1.4889 Cast Nickel

Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 1.4889 cast nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 20 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is EN 1.4889 cast nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
79
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
500

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
350
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1160
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1320
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
14

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
55
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
8.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
120
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
280

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
18
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
13

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.35 to 0.45
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
32.5 to 37.5
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
10.5 to 21.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
1.0 to 1.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
42 to 46
Niobium (Nb), % 0
1.5 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
1.5 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.030