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Grade VDC Steel vs. EN 2.4654 Nickel

Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4654 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 22 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4654 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
77
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
1250

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1000
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1390
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1330
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
13
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
75
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.4
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
10
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
340

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
42
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
37

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
1.2 to 1.6
Boron (B), % 0
0.0030 to 0.010
Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.020 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
18 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
12 to 15
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0 to 0.1
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
0 to 2.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
3.5 to 5.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
50.6 to 62.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.15
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
2.8 to 3.3
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0.020 to 0.080