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Grade VDC Steel vs. CC481K Bronze

Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while CC481K bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is CC481K bronze.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 510
90
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
40
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
350

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
190
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
170
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1000
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
880
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
370
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
64
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
18

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
10
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
10

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
35
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
3.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
60
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
390

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
6.9
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
11
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
13
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
20
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
13

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.010
Antimony (Sb), % 0
0 to 0.050
Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
87 to 89.5
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
0 to 0.1
Lead (Pb), % 0
0 to 0.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0 to 0.050
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 1.0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.010
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.050
Tin (Sn), % 0
10 to 11.5
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.5