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Grade VDC Steel vs. CC493K Bronze

Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while CC493K bronze belongs to the copper alloys. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is CC493K bronze.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 510
74
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
100
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
39
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
180
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
160
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
960
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
880
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
360
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
61
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
19

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
12
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
32
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
3.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
53
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
370

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
6.5
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
8.6
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
11
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
19
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
10

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.010
Antimony (Sb), % 0
0 to 0.3
Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
79 to 86
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
0 to 0.2
Lead (Pb), % 0
5.0 to 8.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.1
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.010
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.1
Tin (Sn), % 0
5.2 to 8.0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
2.0 to 5.0