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Grade VDC Steel vs. Nickel 22

Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while nickel 22 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is nickel 22.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
220
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
84
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
790

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
990
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1390
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1360
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
430
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
10
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
1.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
1.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
70
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
12
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
170
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
300

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
22
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
2.7
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
24

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0 to 0.015
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
20 to 22.5
Cobalt (Co), % 0
0 to 2.5
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
2.0 to 6.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0 to 0.015
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
12.5 to 14.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
50.8 to 63
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.080
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.020
Tungsten (W), % 0
2.5 to 3.5
Vanadium (V), % 0
0 to 0.35