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Grade VDC Steel vs. Nickel 686

Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while nickel 686 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 24 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (8, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is nickel 686.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
220
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
77
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
780

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
980
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1380
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1340
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
420
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
9.8
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
1.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
1.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
70
Density, g/cm3 7.8
9.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
12
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
170
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
300

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
22
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
21
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
2.6
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0 to 0.010
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
19 to 23
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0 to 0.75
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
15 to 17
Nickel (Ni), % 0
49.5 to 63
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.080
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.020
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.020 to 0.25
Tungsten (W), % 0
3.0 to 4.4