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Grade VDC Steel vs. Nickel 689

Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while nickel 689 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 22 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is nickel 689.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 510
350
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
210
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 50
21
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
80
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
1250

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
330
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
990
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1390
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
450
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
70
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
11
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
330

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
41
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
30
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
35

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0.75 to 1.3
Boron (B), % 0
0.0030 to 0.010
Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.1 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
18 to 20
Cobalt (Co), % 0
9.0 to 11
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0 to 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
9.0 to 10.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
48.3 to 60.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
2.3 to 2.8