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Grade VDC Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4140 Steel

Both grade VDC steel and SAE-AISI 4140 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (7, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4140 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 510
200 to 310
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
690 to 1080

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
43
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
2.4
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
51

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
25 to 38
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
22 to 30
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
20 to 32

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0.8 to 1.1
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
96.8 to 97.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0.75 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.15 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.040