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Grade VDC Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4340M Steel

Both grade VDC steel and SAE-AISI 4340M steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4340M steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 510
710
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
72
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
2340

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1440
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
38
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.8
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
9.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
3.9
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
26
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
55

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
84
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
51
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
10
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
70

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0.7 to 1.0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
93.3 to 94.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0.65 to 0.9
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.35 to 0.45
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.012
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
1.5 to 1.8
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.012
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.050 to 0.1