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Grade VDC Steel vs. SAE-AISI D4 Steel

Both grade VDC steel and SAE-AISI D4 steel are iron alloys. They have 85% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
74
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
760 to 2060

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
270
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1430
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1380
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
31
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
4.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
5.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
8.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
3.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
49
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
100

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
27 to 75
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
24 to 47
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
8.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
23 to 63

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
2.1 to 2.4
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
11 to 13
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
80.6 to 86.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0 to 0.6
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.7 to 1.2
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.6
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0
0 to 1.0