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Grade VDC Steel vs. SAE-AISI P21 Steel

Both grade VDC steel and SAE-AISI P21 steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the hardened (H) condition. They have a moderately high 94% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI P21 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
1130

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
41
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
9.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
6.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
32
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
62

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
40
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
11
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
37

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.18 to 0.22
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.5
Cobalt (Co), % 0
1.1 to 1.3
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
92.1 to 94.2
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0.35 to 0.72
Nickel (Ni), % 0
3.9 to 4.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.2 to 0.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0
0.15 to 0.25