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Grade VDC Steel vs. Type 4 Magnetic Alloy

Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Type 4 magnetic alloy belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 22 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is Type 4 magnetic alloy.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.31
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
73
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
620 to 1100

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
900
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1420
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1370
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
440
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
2.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
3.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
60
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
10
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
210

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
12
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
22
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
19 to 35
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
18 to 27
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
21 to 37

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0 to 0.050
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
0 to 0.3
Cobalt (Co), % 0
0 to 0.5
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0 to 0.3
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
9.5 to 17.5
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0 to 0.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
3.5 to 6.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
79 to 82
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.010
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.020