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Grade VDC Steel vs. R30016 Cobalt

Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R30016 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. There are 23 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (12, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is R30016 cobalt.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
220
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Reduction in Area, % 50
8.0
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
85
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
1010

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1270
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
450
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
14

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
1.9
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
2.0

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
7.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
110
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
500

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
33
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
26
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
24

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.9 to 1.4
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
28 to 32
Cobalt (Co), % 0
49.6 to 66.9
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
0 to 3.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0.5 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 1.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 3.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.2 to 2.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0
Tungsten (W), % 0
3.5 to 5.5