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Grade VDC Steel vs. R31233 Cobalt

Grade VDC steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while R31233 cobalt belongs to the cobalt alloys. There are 22 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (9, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grade VDC steel and the bottom bar is R31233 cobalt.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
220
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 80
85
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 1700
1020

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1350
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1330
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
440
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
12
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
2.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
2.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
8.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
110
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
480

Common Calculations

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 60
33
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 40
26
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.2
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 50
25

Alloy Composition

Boron (B), % 0
0 to 0.015
Carbon (C), % 0.6 to 0.75
0.020 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0 to 0.3
23.5 to 27.5
Cobalt (Co), % 0
44.7 to 63.3
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.060
0
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 99.35
1.0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 1.0
0.1 to 1.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
4.0 to 6.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
7.0 to 11
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.030 to 0.12
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.3
0.050 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.020
0 to 0.020
Tungsten (W), % 0
1.0 to 3.0