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Grey Cast Iron vs. SAE-AISI 4320 Steel

Both grey cast iron and SAE-AISI 4320 steel are iron alloys. They have a moderately high 94% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is grey cast iron and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4320 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160 to 300
160 to 240
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 180
190
Elongation at Break, % 9.6
21 to 29
Fatigue Strength, MPa 69 to 170
320
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 69
73
Shear Strength, MPa 180 to 610
370 to 500
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 160 to 450
570 to 790
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 98 to 290
430 to 460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 280
250
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1380
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1180
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 490
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.4
7.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.9
8.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.9
3.4
Density, g/cm3 7.5
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
1.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 21
22
Embodied Water, L/kg 44
52

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 13 to 37
140 to 150
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 27 to 240
480 to 560
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 5.8 to 17
20 to 28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 8.7 to 17
19 to 24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 6.0 to 17
19 to 27

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 3.1 to 3.4
0.17 to 0.22
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.4 to 0.6
Iron (Fe), % 92.1 to 93.9
95.8 to 97
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 0.7
0.45 to 0.65
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.9
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 2.5 to 2.8
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.15
0 to 0.040