Hardened SAE-AISI A3 vs. Hardened SAE-AISI D4
Both hardened SAE-AISI A3 and hardened SAE-AISI D4 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the hardened (H) condition. They have a moderately high 92% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 25 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is hardened SAE-AISI A3 and the bottom bar is hardened SAE-AISI D4.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 190 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 |
| Rockwell C Hardness | 66 | |
| 63 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 74 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 2150 | |
| 2060 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 260 | |
| 270 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1450 | |
| 1430 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1410 | |
| 1380 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 37 | |
| 31 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 8.3 | |
| 4.2 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 9.7 | |
| 5.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 6.0 | |
| 8.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 4.4 | |
| 3.3 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 67 | |
| 49 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 78 | |
| 100 |
Common Calculations
| PREN (Pitting Resistance) | 8.9 | |
| 15 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 77 | |
| 75 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 48 | |
| 47 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 10 | |
| 8.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 70 | |
| 63 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 1.2 to 1.3 | |
| 2.1 to 2.4 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 4.8 to 5.5 | |
| 11 to 13 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 88.7 to 92 | |
| 80.6 to 86.3 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.4 to 0.6 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.9 to 1.4 | |
| 0.7 to 1.2 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.5 | |
| 0 to 0.6 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0.8 to 1.4 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |