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Hardened SAE-AISI P4 vs. Hardened SAE-AISI S5

Both hardened SAE-AISI P4 and hardened SAE-AISI S5 are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the hardened (H) condition. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is hardened SAE-AISI P4 and the bottom bar is hardened SAE-AISI S5.

Hardened P4 Tool Steel Hardened S5 Tool Steel

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa		190

Poisson's Ratio		0.29
Poisson's Ratio		0.29

Rockwell C Hardness		61
Rockwell C Hardness		60

Shear Modulus, GPa		74
Shear Modulus, GPa		72

Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		1980
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa		1940

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		260
Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g		280

Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1460
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C		1440

Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1420
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C		1400

Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		470
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K		480

Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K		41
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K		42

Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		12
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K		12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS		8.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS		7.4

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS		9.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS		8.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative		4.4
Base Metal Price, % relative		3.1

Density, g/cm³		7.8
Density, g/cm³		7.7

Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		1.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO₂/kg material		2.1

Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		23
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg		29

Embodied Water, L/kg		68
Embodied Water, L/kg		51

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance)		7.0
PREN (Pitting Resistance)		2.9

Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		14
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points		13

Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		24
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points		25

Strength to Weight: Axial, points		70
Strength to Weight: Axial, points		70

Strength to Weight: Bending, points		45
Strength to Weight: Bending, points		45

Thermal Diffusivity, mm²/s		11
Thermal Diffusivity, mm²/s		11

Thermal Shock Resistance, points		64
Thermal Shock Resistance, points		65

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), %		0 to 0.12
Carbon (C), %		0.5 to 0.65

Chromium (Cr), %		4.0 to 5.3
Chromium (Cr), %		0 to 0.5

Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.25
Copper (Cu), %		0 to 0.25

Iron (Fe), %		92.3 to 95.3
Iron (Fe), %		93.6 to 97

Manganese (Mn), %		0.2 to 0.6
Manganese (Mn), %		0.6 to 1.0

Molybdenum (Mo), %		0.4 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), %		0.2 to 1.4

Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.030
Phosphorus (P), %		0 to 0.030

Silicon (Si), %		0.1 to 0.4
Silicon (Si), %		1.8 to 2.3

Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030
Sulfur (S), %		0 to 0.030

Vanadium (V), %		0
Vanadium (V), %		0 to 0.35