SAE-AISI 1012 Steel vs. AISI 431 Stainless Steel
Both SAE-AISI 1012 steel and AISI 431 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 82% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1012 steel and the bottom bar is AISI 431 stainless steel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Brinell Hardness | 100 to 110 | |
| 250 |
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 200 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 to 31 | |
| 15 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 150 to 230 | |
| 430 to 610 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 77 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 230 to 250 | |
| 550 to 840 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 360 to 400 | |
| 890 to 1380 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 200 to 330 | |
| 710 to 1040 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 280 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 850 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 1510 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1450 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 480 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 53 | |
| 26 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 12 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 2.6 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 7.9 | |
| 3.0 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 9.0 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 7.7 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 2.2 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 31 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 45 | |
| 120 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 80 to 93 | |
| 140 to 180 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 110 to 300 | |
| 1270 to 2770 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 14 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 25 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 13 to 14 | |
| 32 to 50 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 14 to 15 | |
| 27 to 36 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 7.0 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 to 13 | |
| 28 to 43 |
Alloy Composition
| Carbon (C), % | 0.1 to 0.15 | |
| 0 to 0.2 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0 | |
| 15 to 17 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 99.16 to 99.6 | |
| 78.2 to 83.8 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 | |
| 1.3 to 2.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.040 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 1.0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |