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SAE-AISI 1012 Steel vs. ASTM A227 Spring Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1012 steel and ASTM A227 spring steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 99% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1012 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A227 spring steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 100 to 110
500 to 640
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 21 to 31
12
Fatigue Strength, MPa 150 to 230
900 to 1160
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
72
Shear Strength, MPa 230 to 250
1030 to 1330
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 360 to 400
1720 to 2220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 200 to 330
1430 to 1850

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1470
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1410
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 53
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 6.9
7.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 7.9
8.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
19
Embodied Water, L/kg 45
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 80 to 93
200 to 260
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 13 to 14
61 to 79
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 14 to 15
41 to 48
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 11 to 13
55 to 71

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.1 to 0.15
0.45 to 0.85
Iron (Fe), % 99.16 to 99.6
97.4 to 99.1
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0.3 to 1.3
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.050