SAE-AISI 1012 Steel vs. Grade 9 Titanium
SAE-AISI 1012 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while grade 9 titanium belongs to the titanium alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1012 steel and the bottom bar is grade 9 titanium.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 110 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 21 to 31 | |
| 11 to 17 |
| Fatigue Strength, MPa | 150 to 230 | |
| 330 to 480 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.32 |
| Reduction in Area, % | 45 to 57 | |
| 28 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 40 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 230 to 250 | |
| 430 to 580 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 360 to 400 | |
| 700 to 960 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 200 to 330 | |
| 540 to 830 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 410 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 400 | |
| 330 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1470 | |
| 1640 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1590 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 550 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 53 | |
| 8.1 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 9.1 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 6.9 | |
| 1.4 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 7.9 | |
| 2.7 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 1.8 | |
| 37 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.9 | |
| 4.5 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.4 | |
| 36 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 18 | |
| 580 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 45 | |
| 150 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 80 to 93 | |
| 89 to 110 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 110 to 300 | |
| 1380 to 3220 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 13 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 35 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 13 to 14 | |
| 43 to 60 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 14 to 15 | |
| 39 to 48 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 14 | |
| 3.3 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 11 to 13 | |
| 52 to 71 |
Alloy Composition
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| Aluminum (Al), % | 0 | |
| 2.5 to 3.5 |
| Carbon (C), % | 0.1 to 0.15 | |
| 0 to 0.080 |
| Hydrogen (H), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.015 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 99.16 to 99.6 | |
| 0 to 0.25 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.3 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Nitrogen (N), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.030 |
| Oxygen (O), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.050 | |
| 0 |
| Titanium (Ti), % | 0 | |
| 92.6 to 95.5 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 | |
| 2.0 to 3.0 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.4 |