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SAE-AISI 1040 Steel vs. 1080A Aluminum

SAE-AISI 1040 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 1080A aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1040 steel and the bottom bar is 1080A aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160 to 180
18 to 40
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
68
Elongation at Break, % 13 to 20
2.3 to 34
Fatigue Strength, MPa 220 to 340
18 to 50
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
26
Shear Strength, MPa 350 to 390
49 to 81
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 570 to 640
74 to 140
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 320 to 530
17 to 120

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
400
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
170
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
640
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
640
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
230
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
23

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.0
62
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.0
200

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
2.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
8.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
160
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
1200

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 79 to 96
3.1 to 19
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 270 to 760
2.1 to 100
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
50
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20 to 23
7.6 to 15
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19 to 21
14 to 22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
94
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18 to 20
3.3 to 6.4

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
99.8 to 100
Carbon (C), % 0.37 to 0.44
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.030
Gallium (Ga), % 0
0 to 0.030
Iron (Fe), % 98.6 to 99.03
0 to 0.15
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0 to 0.020
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0 to 0.020
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0
0 to 0.15
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.020
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.060