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SAE-AISI 1040 Steel vs. Type 4 Niobium

SAE-AISI 1040 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Type 4 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (11, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1040 steel and the bottom bar is Type 4 niobium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160 to 180
120
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 13 to 20
23
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.4
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
38
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 570 to 640
220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 320 to 530
140

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
270
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
42
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
7.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.6
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 79 to 96
44
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 270 to 760
93
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
6.8
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20 to 23
7.2
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19 to 21
9.5
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 18 to 20
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.37 to 0.44
0 to 0.010
Hafnium (Hf), % 0
0 to 0.020
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.0015
Iron (Fe), % 98.6 to 99.03
0 to 0.010
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0 to 0.050
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Niobium (Nb), % 0
98.1 to 99.2
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.010
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.025
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0
Tantalum (Ta), % 0
0 to 0.5
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.020
Tungsten (W), % 0
0 to 0.050
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0.8 to 1.2