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SAE-AISI 1050 Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4340 Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1050 steel and SAE-AISI 4340 steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 97% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1050 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4340 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200 to 220
210 to 360
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 17
12 to 22
Fatigue Strength, MPa 260 to 400
330 to 740
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Shear Strength, MPa 430 to 470
430 to 770
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 690 to 790
690 to 1280
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 390 to 650
470 to 1150

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
44
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.0
7.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
3.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
22
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
53

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 81 to 100
79 to 170
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 400 to 1130
590 to 3490
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25 to 28
24 to 45
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22 to 24
22 to 33
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 22 to 25
20 to 38

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.48 to 0.55
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 0
0.7 to 0.9
Iron (Fe), % 98.5 to 98.9
95.1 to 96.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.6 to 0.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.2 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.040

Comparable Variants