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SAE-AISI 1078 Steel vs. S31254 Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1078 steel and S31254 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 54% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1078 steel and the bottom bar is S31254 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 220 to 230
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 14
40
Fatigue Strength, MPa 270 to 350
290
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Reduction in Area, % 34 to 45
56
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
80
Shear Strength, MPa 440 to 470
490
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 730 to 780
720
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 430 to 570
330

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1090
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 49
14
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.0
2.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
2.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
28
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
5.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
74
Embodied Water, L/kg 45
190

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 77 to 90
240
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 490 to 860
270
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 26 to 28
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 23 to 24
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
3.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 25 to 26
15

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.72 to 0.85
0 to 0.020
Chromium (Cr), % 0
19.5 to 20.5
Copper (Cu), % 0
0.5 to 1.0
Iron (Fe), % 98.5 to 99
51.4 to 56.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.6
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
6.0 to 6.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0
17.5 to 18.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.18 to 0.22
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0
0 to 0.8
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.010