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SAE-AISI 1080 Steel vs. ASTM A321 Carbon Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1080 steel and ASTM A321 carbon steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1080 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 220 to 260
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 11
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 300 to 360
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 28 to 45
39
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Shear Strength, MPa 460 to 520
420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 770 to 870
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 480 to 590
390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1450
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 9.6
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 11
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 80 to 84
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 610 to 920
400
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27 to 31
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 26
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 25 to 29
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.75 to 0.88
0 to 0.55
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 98.7
98.1 to 99.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.9
0.6 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0 to 0.050