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SAE-AISI 1086 Steel vs. 4104 Aluminum

SAE-AISI 1086 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 4104 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1086 steel and the bottom bar is 4104 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
71
Elongation at Break, % 11
2.4
Fatigue Strength, MPa 300 to 360
42
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
27
Shear Strength, MPa 450 to 520
63
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 760 to 870
110
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 480 to 580
60

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 240
540
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
160
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
600
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1410
560
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 50
130
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
22

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.0
33
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
120

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
2.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
8.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 45
1080

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 79 to 84
2.3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 610 to 890
25
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
54
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27 to 31
12
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 26
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
58
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 26 to 30
5.1

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
85.8 to 90
Bismuth (Bi), % 0
0.020 to 0.2
Carbon (C), % 0.8 to 0.93
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.25
Iron (Fe), % 98.5 to 98.9
0 to 0.8
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
1.0 to 2.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.3 to 0.5
0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0
Silicon (Si), % 0
9.0 to 10.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.050
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.2
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15