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SAE-AISI 1146 Steel vs. ASTM A321 Carbon Steel

Both SAE-AISI 1146 steel and ASTM A321 carbon steel are iron alloys. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 1146 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A321 carbon steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 190 to 200
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 13 to 17
21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 240 to 400
270
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Reduction in Area, % 40 to 45
39
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Shear Strength, MPa 410 to 440
420
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 670 to 730
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 360 to 630
390

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
400
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
51
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
7.1
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
8.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
1.8
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.4
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
18
Embodied Water, L/kg 46
46

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 93 to 97
120
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 340 to 1050
400
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24 to 26
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22 to 23
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
14
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 20 to 22
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.42 to 0.49
0 to 0.55
Iron (Fe), % 98.3 to 98.8
98.1 to 99.25
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 1.0
0.6 to 0.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0.080 to 0.13
0 to 0.050