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SAE-AISI 12L14 Steel vs. C84400 Valve Metal

SAE-AISI 12L14 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C84400 valve metal belongs to the copper alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 12L14 steel and the bottom bar is C84400 valve metal.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
100
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 25
19
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.34
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
39
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 440 to 620
230
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260 to 460
110

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
180
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
160
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1000
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
840
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
370
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
72
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
19

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
16
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.2
17

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 1.8
29
Density, g/cm3 7.9
8.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
2.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 18
46
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
340

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 64 to 93
36
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180 to 560
58
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
6.6
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 15 to 22
7.2
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 16 to 20
9.4
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
22
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14 to 20
8.3

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Antimony (Sb), % 0
0 to 0.25
Carbon (C), % 0 to 0.15
0
Copper (Cu), % 0
78 to 82
Iron (Fe), % 97.9 to 98.7
0 to 0.4
Lead (Pb), % 0.15 to 0.35
6.0 to 8.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.85 to 1.2
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 1.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0.040 to 0.090
0 to 1.5
Silicon (Si), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Sulfur (S), % 0.26 to 0.35
0 to 0.080
Tin (Sn), % 0
2.3 to 3.5
Zinc (Zn), % 0
7.0 to 10
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.7