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SAE-AISI 4012 Steel vs. EN 2.4851 Nickel

SAE-AISI 4012 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4851 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4851 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 23
34
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160
170
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Shear Strength, MPa 270
430
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 420
650
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 220
230

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1200
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
11
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
14

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
1.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
1.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.1
49
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.2
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
8.1
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
120
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
280

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82
170
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 130
130
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 15
22
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 16
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
2.9
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
17

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
1.0 to 1.7
Boron (B), % 0
0 to 0.0060
Carbon (C), % 0.090 to 0.14
0.030 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0
21 to 25
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.5
Iron (Fe), % 98.2 to 98.9
7.7 to 18
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
58 to 63
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.5