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SAE-AISI 4012 Steel vs. EN 2.4856 Nickel

SAE-AISI 4012 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4856 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4856 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130
210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 23
28
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160
280
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
79
Shear Strength, MPa 270
570
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 420
880
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 220
430

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
330
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1000
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1480
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1430
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
440
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
10
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
1.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
1.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.1
80
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.6
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
14
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
190
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
290

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82
200
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 130
440
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 15
28
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 16
24
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
2.7
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
29

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.4
Carbon (C), % 0.090 to 0.14
0.030 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0
20 to 23
Cobalt (Co), % 0
0 to 1.0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.5
Iron (Fe), % 98.2 to 98.9
0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0 to 0.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
8.0 to 10
Nickel (Ni), % 0
58 to 68.8
Niobium (Nb), % 0
3.2 to 4.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.5
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.4