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SAE-AISI 4012 Steel vs. EN 2.4951 Nickel

SAE-AISI 4012 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4951 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4951 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 23
34
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Shear Strength, MPa 270
500
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 420
750
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 220
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1150
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
12
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
1.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
1.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.1
60
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
9.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
130
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
280

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82
200
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 130
190
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 15
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 16
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
23

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.3
Carbon (C), % 0.090 to 0.14
0.080 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0
18 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
0 to 5.0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.5
Iron (Fe), % 98.2 to 98.9
0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
65.4 to 81.7
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.2 to 0.6