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SAE-AISI 4012 Steel vs. Nickel 685

SAE-AISI 4012 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while nickel 685 belongs to the nickel alloys. There are 29 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4012 steel and the bottom bar is nickel 685.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 130
350
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 23
17
Fatigue Strength, MPa 160
470
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
77
Shear Strength, MPa 270
770
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 420
1250
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 220
850

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1000
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1380
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1330
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 51
13
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
12

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.1
75
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.4
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
10
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
140
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
340

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 82
190
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 130
1820
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 15
42
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 16
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 14
3.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 12
37

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
1.2 to 1.6
Boron (B), % 0
0.0030 to 0.010
Carbon (C), % 0.090 to 0.14
0.030 to 0.1
Chromium (Cr), % 0
18 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
12 to 15
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.5
Iron (Fe), % 98.2 to 98.9
0 to 2.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
3.5 to 5.0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
49.6 to 62.5
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030
Titanium (Ti), % 0
2.8 to 3.3
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0.020 to 0.12