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SAE-AISI 4028 Steel vs. EN 2.4951 Nickel

SAE-AISI 4028 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while EN 2.4951 nickel belongs to the nickel alloys.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4028 steel and the bottom bar is EN 2.4951 nickel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150 to 190
200
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 14 to 23
34
Fatigue Strength, MPa 180 to 330
200
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
76
Shear Strength, MPa 310 to 380
500
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 490 to 630
750
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 260 to 520
270

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 400
1150
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1360
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 49
12
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.1
1.6
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.1
1.7

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.1
60
Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
9.3
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
130
Embodied Water, L/kg 47
280

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 81 to 95
200
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 180 to 720
190
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
23
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17 to 22
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18 to 21
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
3.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16 to 20
23

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
0 to 0.3
Carbon (C), % 0.25 to 0.3
0.080 to 0.15
Chromium (Cr), % 0
18 to 21
Cobalt (Co), % 0
0 to 5.0
Copper (Cu), % 0
0 to 0.5
Iron (Fe), % 98.1 to 98.7
0 to 5.0
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.3
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0
65.4 to 81.7
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.020
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0.035 to 0.050
0 to 0.015
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0.2 to 0.6