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SAE-AISI 4118 Steel vs. ASTM A372 Grade L Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4118 steel and ASTM A372 grade L steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4118 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade L steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150
350
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 23
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 230
670
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 320
700
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500
1160
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 320
1040

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 410
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
44
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
7.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.2
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.3
3.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
1.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
22
Embodied Water, L/kg 49
54

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100
150
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 280
2890
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18
41
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 15
34

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.18 to 0.23
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 0.4 to 0.6
0.7 to 0.9
Iron (Fe), % 97.5 to 98.4
95.2 to 96.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.6 to 0.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.3
0.2 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 0
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.010