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SAE-AISI 4140 Steel vs. ASTM A372 Grade M Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4140 steel and ASTM A372 grade M steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 96% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (1, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4140 steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade M steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200 to 310
240 to 280
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 26
18 to 21
Fatigue Strength, MPa 360 to 650
450 to 520
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 410 to 660
510 to 570
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 690 to 1080
810 to 910
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 590 to 990
660 to 770

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
450
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 43
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
8.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
9.1

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.4
5.0
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.5
2.0
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 20
27
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
61

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 74 to 180
160
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 920 to 2590
1140 to 1580
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25 to 38
29 to 32
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22 to 30
24 to 27
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 20 to 32
24 to 27

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0 to 0.23
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
1.5 to 2.0
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.8
92.5 to 95.1
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0.2 to 0.4
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0.4 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni), % 0
2.8 to 3.9
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.3
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.010
Vanadium (V), % 0
0 to 0.080