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SAE-AISI 4140 Steel vs. Type 4 Niobium

SAE-AISI 4140 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Type 4 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4140 steel and the bottom bar is Type 4 niobium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 200 to 310
120
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 11 to 26
23
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.4
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
38
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 690 to 1080
220
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 590 to 990
140

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
310
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
270
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 43
42
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
7.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.8
8.6
Embodied Water, L/kg 51
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 74 to 180
44
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 920 to 2590
93
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
6.8
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 25 to 38
7.2
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22 to 30
9.5
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
18
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 20 to 32
21

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0 to 0.010
Chromium (Cr), % 0.8 to 1.1
0
Hafnium (Hf), % 0
0 to 0.020
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.0015
Iron (Fe), % 96.8 to 97.8
0 to 0.010
Manganese (Mn), % 0.75 to 1.0
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0 to 0.050
Nickel (Ni), % 0
0 to 0.0050
Niobium (Nb), % 0
98.1 to 99.2
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.010
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.025
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.0050
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Tantalum (Ta), % 0
0 to 0.5
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.020
Tungsten (W), % 0
0 to 0.050
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0.8 to 1.2