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SAE-AISI 4320 Steel vs. Grey Cast Iron

Both SAE-AISI 4320 steel and grey cast iron are iron alloys. They have a moderately high 94% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 30 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (2, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4320 steel and the bottom bar is grey cast iron.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 160 to 240
160 to 300
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
180
Elongation at Break, % 21 to 29
9.6
Fatigue Strength, MPa 320
69 to 170
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
69
Shear Strength, MPa 370 to 500
180 to 610
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 570 to 790
160 to 450
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 430 to 460
98 to 290

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
280
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1380
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1180
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
490
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 46
46
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 11
11

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.4
7.4
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.5
8.9

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.4
1.9
Density, g/cm3 7.9
7.5
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.7
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 22
21
Embodied Water, L/kg 52
44

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 140 to 150
13 to 37
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 480 to 560
27 to 240
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 20 to 28
5.8 to 17
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 19 to 24
8.7 to 17
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
13
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 19 to 27
6.0 to 17

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.17 to 0.22
3.1 to 3.4
Chromium (Cr), % 0.4 to 0.6
0
Iron (Fe), % 95.8 to 97
92.1 to 93.9
Manganese (Mn), % 0.45 to 0.65
0.5 to 0.7
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.3
0
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.0
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.9
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
2.5 to 2.8
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.15