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SAE-AISI 4340 Steel vs. AISI 316L Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4340 steel and AISI 316L stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 71% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4340 steel and the bottom bar is AISI 316L stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 210 to 360
170 to 350
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 12 to 22
9.0 to 50
Fatigue Strength, MPa 330 to 740
170 to 450
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
78
Shear Strength, MPa 430 to 770
370 to 690
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 690 to 1280
530 to 1160
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 470 to 1150
190 to 870

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
870
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1400
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1380
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 44
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
16

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.5
2.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.6
2.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.5
19
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.9
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.7
3.9
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 22
53
Embodied Water, L/kg 53
150

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 79 to 170
77 to 230
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 590 to 3490
93 to 1880
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24 to 45
19 to 41
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22 to 33
18 to 31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
4.1
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 20 to 38
12 to 25

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0.7 to 0.9
16 to 18
Iron (Fe), % 95.1 to 96.3
62 to 72
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.8
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.3
2.0 to 3.0
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.0
10 to 14
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.1
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030

Comparable Variants