SAE-AISI 4340 Steel vs. C96400 Copper-nickel
SAE-AISI 4340 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C96400 copper-nickel belongs to the copper alloys. There are 28 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4340 steel and the bottom bar is C96400 copper-nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 140 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 12 to 22 | |
| 25 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.29 | |
| 0.33 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 73 | |
| 51 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 690 to 1280 | |
| 490 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 470 to 1150 | |
| 260 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 250 | |
| 240 |
| Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C | 430 | |
| 260 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1460 | |
| 1240 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1420 | |
| 1170 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 470 | |
| 400 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 44 | |
| 28 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 13 | |
| 15 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 7.5 | |
| 5.0 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 8.6 | |
| 5.1 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 3.5 | |
| 45 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.8 | |
| 8.9 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 1.7 | |
| 5.9 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 22 | |
| 87 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 53 | |
| 280 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 79 to 170 | |
| 100 |
| Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 | 590 to 3490 | |
| 250 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 13 | |
| 8.6 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 24 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 24 to 45 | |
| 15 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 22 to 33 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 12 | |
| 7.8 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 20 to 38 | |
| 17 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 0.38 to 0.43 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 0.7 to 0.9 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 | |
| 62.3 to 71.3 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 95.1 to 96.3 | |
| 0.25 to 1.5 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.010 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0.6 to 0.8 | |
| 0 to 1.5 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.2 to 0.3 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 1.7 to 2.0 | |
| 28 to 32 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0.5 to 1.5 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.035 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0.15 to 0.35 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.040 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |