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SAE-AISI 4340 Steel vs. S32304 Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4340 steel and S32304 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 74% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (3, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4340 steel and the bottom bar is S32304 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 210 to 360
250
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 12 to 22
28
Fatigue Strength, MPa 330 to 740
330
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
79
Shear Strength, MPa 430 to 770
440
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 690 to 1280
670
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 470 to 1150
460

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
1050
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1420
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1380
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 44
15
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.5
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.6
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.5
14
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.7
2.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 22
40
Embodied Water, L/kg 53
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 79 to 170
170
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 590 to 3490
520
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 24 to 45
24
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 22 to 33
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 12
4.0
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 20 to 38
18

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0 to 0.030
Chromium (Cr), % 0.7 to 0.9
21.5 to 24.5
Copper (Cu), % 0
0.050 to 0.6
Iron (Fe), % 95.1 to 96.3
65 to 75.4
Manganese (Mn), % 0.6 to 0.8
0 to 2.5
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.2 to 0.3
0.050 to 0.6
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.0
3.0 to 5.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.050 to 0.2
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.040
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 1.0
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.030