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SAE-AISI 4340M Steel vs. AISI 309 Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4340M steel and AISI 309 stainless steel are iron alloys. They have 66% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 32 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (5, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4340M steel and the bottom bar is AISI 309 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 710
180 to 210
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 6.0
34 to 47
Fatigue Strength, MPa 690
250 to 280
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.27
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
78
Shear Strength, MPa 1360
420 to 470
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 2340
600 to 710
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1240
260 to 350

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 280
290
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
980
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1440
1450
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1400
1400
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
480
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 38
16
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
15

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.8
2.2
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.1
2.5

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.9
19
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.9
3.6
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 26
51
Embodied Water, L/kg 55
170

Common Calculations

PREN (Pitting Resistance) 2.2
23
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
200 to 230
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 4120
170 to 310
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
25
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 84
21 to 25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 51
20 to 23
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 10
4.3
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 70
14 to 16

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0 to 0.2
Chromium (Cr), % 0.7 to 1.0
22 to 24
Iron (Fe), % 93.3 to 94.8
58 to 66
Manganese (Mn), % 0.65 to 0.9
0 to 2.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.35 to 0.45
0
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.0
12 to 15
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.012
0 to 0.045
Silicon (Si), % 1.5 to 1.8
0 to 0.75
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.012
0 to 0.030
Vanadium (V), % 0.050 to 0.1
0