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SAE-AISI 4340M Steel vs. ASTM A372 Grade L Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4340M steel and ASTM A372 grade L steel are iron alloys. They have a very high 98% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4340M steel and the bottom bar is ASTM A372 grade L steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 710
350
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 6.0
14
Fatigue Strength, MPa 690
670
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 72
73
Shear Strength, MPa 1360
700
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 2340
1160
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 1240
1040

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 280
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 430
430
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1440
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1400
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 38
44
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
13

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.8
7.5
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 9.1
8.6

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 3.9
3.5
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.9
1.7
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 26
22
Embodied Water, L/kg 55
54

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 120
150
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 4120
2890
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 84
41
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 51
31
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 10
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 70
34

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.38 to 0.43
0.38 to 0.43
Chromium (Cr), % 0.7 to 1.0
0.7 to 0.9
Iron (Fe), % 93.3 to 94.8
95.2 to 96.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.65 to 0.9
0.6 to 0.8
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.35 to 0.45
0.2 to 0.3
Nickel (Ni), % 1.7 to 2.0
1.7 to 2.0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.012
0 to 0.015
Silicon (Si), % 1.5 to 1.8
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.012
0 to 0.010
Vanadium (V), % 0.050 to 0.1
0