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SAE-AISI 4720 Steel vs. Type 2 Niobium

SAE-AISI 4720 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while Type 2 niobium belongs to the otherwise unclassified metals. There are 21 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (10, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4720 steel and the bottom bar is Type 2 niobium.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150
110
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
110
Elongation at Break, % 25
29
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.4
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
38
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 490
140
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 350
82

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
320
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
270
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 39
52
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
7.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Density, g/cm3 7.9
8.6
Embodied Water, L/kg 50
160

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110
35
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 330
32
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
6.8
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
18
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17
4.6
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
7.1
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 10
23
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14
13

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.17 to 0.22
0 to 0.010
Chromium (Cr), % 0.35 to 0.55
0
Hafnium (Hf), % 0
0 to 0.020
Hydrogen (H), % 0
0 to 0.0015
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.8
0 to 0.010
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 0.7
0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
0 to 0.020
Nickel (Ni), % 0.9 to 1.2
0 to 0.0050
Niobium (Nb), % 0
99.5 to 100
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0 to 0.010
Oxygen (O), % 0
0 to 0.025
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.0050
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0
Tantalum (Ta), % 0
0 to 0.3
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.030
Tungsten (W), % 0
0 to 0.050
Zirconium (Zr), % 0
0 to 0.020