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SAE-AISI 4720 Steel vs. S31254 Stainless Steel

Both SAE-AISI 4720 steel and S31254 stainless steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. They have 56% of their average alloy composition in common. There are 31 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 4720 steel and the bottom bar is S31254 stainless steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150
190
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
200
Elongation at Break, % 25
40
Fatigue Strength, MPa 260
290
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.28
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
80
Shear Strength, MPa 310
490
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 490
720
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 350
330

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
300
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 410
1090
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
460
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 39
14
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 13
17

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.3
2.0
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.4
2.3

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.9
28
Density, g/cm3 7.9
8.0
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.6
5.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 21
74
Embodied Water, L/kg 50
190

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 110
240
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 330
270
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
14
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 17
25
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
22
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 10
3.8
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 14
15

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.17 to 0.22
0 to 0.020
Chromium (Cr), % 0.35 to 0.55
19.5 to 20.5
Copper (Cu), % 0
0.5 to 1.0
Iron (Fe), % 96.7 to 97.8
51.4 to 56.3
Manganese (Mn), % 0.5 to 0.7
0 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.15 to 0.25
6.0 to 6.5
Nickel (Ni), % 0.9 to 1.2
17.5 to 18.5
Nitrogen (N), % 0
0.18 to 0.22
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.030
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0 to 0.8
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.010