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SAE-AISI 5120 Steel vs. SAE-AISI 4142 Steel

Both SAE-AISI 5120 steel and SAE-AISI 4142 steel are iron alloys. Both are furnished in the annealed condition. Their average alloy composition is basically identical.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI 5120 steel and the bottom bar is SAE-AISI 4142 steel.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Brinell Hardness 150
180
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
190
Elongation at Break, % 16
20
Fatigue Strength, MPa 210
250
Poisson's Ratio 0.29
0.29
Shear Modulus, GPa 73
73
Shear Strength, MPa 310
370
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 500
590
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 320
370

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 250
250
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical, °C 420
420
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1460
1460
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1420
1420
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 470
470
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 47
44
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
12

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 7.2
7.3
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 8.2
8.4

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 2.1
2.4
Density, g/cm3 7.8
7.8
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 1.4
1.5
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 19
20
Embodied Water, L/kg 49
51

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 71
100
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience), kJ/m3 280
360
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 13
13
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 24
24
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 18
21
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 18
20
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 13
12
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 16
19

Alloy Composition

Carbon (C), % 0.17 to 0.22
0.4 to 0.45
Chromium (Cr), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.8 to 1.1
Iron (Fe), % 97.6 to 98.3
96.8 to 97.8
Manganese (Mn), % 0.7 to 0.9
0.75 to 1.0
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0
0.15 to 0.25
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.035
0 to 0.035
Silicon (Si), % 0.15 to 0.35
0.15 to 0.35
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.040
0 to 0.040