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SAE-AISI D4 Steel vs. 354.0 Aluminum

SAE-AISI D4 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while 354.0 aluminum belongs to the aluminum alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown. Please note that the two materials have significantly dissimilar densities. This means that additional care is required when interpreting the data, because some material properties are based on units of mass, while others are based on units of area or volume.

For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel and the bottom bar is 354.0 aluminum.

Metric UnitsUS Customary Units

Mechanical Properties

Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa 190
71
Elongation at Break, % 8.4 to 15
2.4 to 3.0
Fatigue Strength, MPa 310 to 920
92 to 120
Poisson's Ratio 0.28
0.33
Shear Modulus, GPa 74
27
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa 760 to 2060
360 to 380
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa 470 to 1540
280 to 310

Thermal Properties

Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g 270
530
Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C 1430
600
Melting Onset (Solidus), °C 1380
550
Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K 480
900
Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K 31
130
Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K 12
21

Electrical Properties

Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS 4.2
32
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS 5.0
110

Otherwise Unclassified Properties

Base Metal Price, % relative 8.0
9.5
Density, g/cm3 7.7
2.7
Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material 3.3
7.8
Embodied Energy, MJ/kg 49
150
Embodied Water, L/kg 100
1070

Common Calculations

Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 100 to 160
8.6 to 9.8
Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points 14
15
Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points 25
52
Strength to Weight: Axial, points 27 to 75
37 to 39
Strength to Weight: Bending, points 24 to 47
42 to 44
Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s 8.3
52
Thermal Shock Resistance, points 23 to 63
17 to 18

Alloy Composition

Aluminum (Al), % 0
87.3 to 89.4
Carbon (C), % 2.1 to 2.4
0
Chromium (Cr), % 11 to 13
0
Copper (Cu), % 0 to 0.25
1.6 to 2.0
Iron (Fe), % 80.6 to 86.3
0 to 0.2
Magnesium (Mg), % 0
0.4 to 0.6
Manganese (Mn), % 0 to 0.6
0 to 0.1
Molybdenum (Mo), % 0.7 to 1.2
0
Nickel (Ni), % 0 to 0.3
0
Phosphorus (P), % 0 to 0.030
0
Silicon (Si), % 0 to 0.6
8.6 to 9.4
Sulfur (S), % 0 to 0.030
0
Titanium (Ti), % 0
0 to 0.2
Vanadium (V), % 0 to 1.0
0
Zinc (Zn), % 0
0 to 0.1
Residuals, % 0
0 to 0.15