SAE-AISI D4 Steel vs. C72700 Copper-nickel
SAE-AISI D4 steel belongs to the iron alloys classification, while C72700 copper-nickel belongs to the copper alloys. There are 27 material properties with values for both materials. Properties with values for just one material (4, in this case) are not shown.
For each property being compared, the top bar is SAE-AISI D4 steel and the bottom bar is C72700 copper-nickel.
Metric UnitsUS Customary Units
Mechanical Properties
| Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus, GPa | 190 | |
| 120 |
| Elongation at Break, % | 8.4 to 15 | |
| 4.0 to 36 |
| Poisson's Ratio | 0.28 | |
| 0.34 |
| Shear Modulus, GPa | 74 | |
| 44 |
| Shear Strength, MPa | 460 to 1210 | |
| 310 to 620 |
| Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS), MPa | 760 to 2060 | |
| 460 to 1070 |
| Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof), MPa | 470 to 1540 | |
| 580 to 1060 |
Thermal Properties
| Latent Heat of Fusion, J/g | 270 | |
| 210 |
| Melting Completion (Liquidus), °C | 1430 | |
| 1100 |
| Melting Onset (Solidus), °C | 1380 | |
| 930 |
| Specific Heat Capacity, J/kg-K | 480 | |
| 380 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/m-K | 31 | |
| 54 |
| Thermal Expansion, µm/m-K | 12 | |
| 17 |
Electrical Properties
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume, % IACS | 4.2 | |
| 11 |
| Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific), % IACS | 5.0 | |
| 11 |
Otherwise Unclassified Properties
| Base Metal Price, % relative | 8.0 | |
| 36 |
| Density, g/cm3 | 7.7 | |
| 8.8 |
| Embodied Carbon, kg CO2/kg material | 3.3 | |
| 4.0 |
| Embodied Energy, MJ/kg | 49 | |
| 62 |
| Embodied Water, L/kg | 100 | |
| 350 |
Common Calculations
| Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work), MJ/m3 | 100 to 160 | |
| 20 to 380 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Axial, points | 14 | |
| 7.4 |
| Stiffness to Weight: Bending, points | 25 | |
| 19 |
| Strength to Weight: Axial, points | 27 to 75 | |
| 14 to 34 |
| Strength to Weight: Bending, points | 24 to 47 | |
| 15 to 26 |
| Thermal Diffusivity, mm2/s | 8.3 | |
| 16 |
| Thermal Shock Resistance, points | 23 to 63 | |
| 16 to 38 |
Alloy Composition
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| Carbon (C), % | 2.1 to 2.4 | |
| 0 |
| Chromium (Cr), % | 11 to 13 | |
| 0 |
| Copper (Cu), % | 0 to 0.25 | |
| 82.1 to 86 |
| Iron (Fe), % | 80.6 to 86.3 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Lead (Pb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.020 |
| Magnesium (Mg), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.15 |
| Manganese (Mn), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0.050 to 0.3 |
| Molybdenum (Mo), % | 0.7 to 1.2 | |
| 0 |
| Nickel (Ni), % | 0 to 0.3 | |
| 8.5 to 9.5 |
| Niobium (Nb), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.1 |
| Phosphorus (P), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Silicon (Si), % | 0 to 0.6 | |
| 0 |
| Sulfur (S), % | 0 to 0.030 | |
| 0 |
| Tin (Sn), % | 0 | |
| 5.5 to 6.5 |
| Vanadium (V), % | 0 to 1.0 | |
| 0 |
| Zinc (Zn), % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.5 |
| Residuals, % | 0 | |
| 0 to 0.3 |